“Paranoid personality disorder” is a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent. The disorder begins by early adulthood with four or more of the following:
- Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her.
- Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates.
- Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her.
- Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events.
- Persistently bears grudges (i.e., is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights).
- Perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack.
- Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of their spouse or sexual partner.
The pattern does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive disorder with psychotic features, or another psychotic disorder. The disorder is not attributable to the physiological effects of another medical condition.
What is Schizoid Personality Disorder?
“Schizoid personality disorder” is a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings. The disorder begins by early adulthood and is demonstrated by four or more of the following:
- Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family.
- Almost always chooses solitary activities.
- Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person.
- Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities.
- Lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.
- Appears indifferent tothe praise or criticism of others.
- Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity.
The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive disorder with psychotic features, another psychotic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder. The disorder is not attributable to the physiological effects of another medical condition.
What is Antisocial Personality Disorder(ASPD)?
“Antisocial personality disorder” is a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since the age of 15, as indicated by three or more of the following:
- Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest.
- Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure.
- Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
- Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.
- Reckless disregard for safety of self or others.
- Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or to honor financial obligations.
- Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another.
A diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder requires that the individual is at least 18 years of age and has no evidence of a conduct disorder before the age of 15. The occurrence of antisocial behavior is not exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.