Medications, including buprenorphine (Suboxone, Subutex), methadone, and extended-release naltrexone (Vivitrol), are effective for the treatment of opioid use disorders.

Buprenorphine and methadone are “essential medicines” according to the World Health Organization.

A NIDA study shows that once treatment is initiated, a buprenorphine/naloxone combination and an extended-release naltrexone formulation are similarly effective in treating opioid use disorder.

Medications should be combined with psychotherapy for the effective treatment of opioid-related disorders. Individual psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, family therapy, support groups (e.g., Narcotics Anonymous), and social skills training may all prove effective for specific patients. Family therapy is usually indicated when the patient lives with family members.